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The specialty involves medical oncology including immunotherapy, surgical oncology, and radiation oncology. Most individuals with cancer are treated with surgery; it works best for solid tumors that are resent only in one area. However, surgery is not an option for cancers that have spread or are not localized (like leukemia). In this patient chemotherapy and radiotherapy are good options. Patients with metastatic cancer may benefit from targeted and immunotherapy as well.
Surgeries for cancer can be performed to remove some or all of cancer, to confirm the diagnosis of cancer, to find the exact location of the tumour, to find the stage of the tumour, to provide relief from the side effects, and to restore the organ or tissue’s function.
Cancer can be treated by open surgery (making a large cut) or minimally invasive (making a few small cuts) techniques, based on the type and location of cancer. There are other methods that can treat cancer, which include cryosurgery, laser surgery, photodynamic therapy, and hyperthermia.
Although radiation therapy is a popular treatment option for cancer, it causes several side effects and also harms the surrounding healthy tissues. To minimise the damage to the healthy tissue, an internal radiation method known as brachytherapy is used, which…
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Cervical cancer is a condition that arises when the cells in the lining of the cervix (a long, narrow, cylindrical-shaped passage that connects the vagina and uterus) divide and grow abnormally. It usually affects women above 30 to 45 years. …
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CyberKnife is a fully robotic radiation delivery system. It uses a robotic arm along with real-time imaging to focus a high dose of radiation to the tumor with sub-millimeter precision. The flexible robotic arm allows the treatment of tumors in…
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Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment modality, which involves the usage of certain substances derived or made from living organisms to fight against cancer. Immunotherapies are of several types, and each has a different mechanism. They work either by recognizing and…
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Laryngeal cancer is a condition in which the cells lining the inner wall of the larynx (voice box, located in the throat) multiply and grow uncontrollably to form a mass called tumour. The tumour can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant…
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Liver cancer is a type of cancer in which there is an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of liver cells. It is classified into two main types: primary liver cancer (cancer that develops within the liver tissue) or secondary liver cancer…
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Lung cancer is a form of cancer that begins when the cells in the lungs (carry oxygen in and out while breathing) grow abnormally. In the worldwide population, lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and cause of…
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Mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which an entire breast is removed. It is done when the breast tumoris extensive and cannot be removed by lumpectomy. Women who are at high risk of having cancers in both breasts need to…
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Abdominoperineal resection is a surgical procedure performed to treat small intestine cancer that has spread to the rectum or anus. In this surgery, the rectum, anus and some part of the sigmoid colon (lower part of the colon) are removed.…
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Brain cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, globally. It is a serious, life-threatening condition that disrupts brain function. Cancers are named based on the location where they have developed. If the abnormal mass of cells develops…
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The colonis the second-longest part of the digestive system (first is small intestine). It also referred to as the bowelorlarge intestine.At one end, it is attached to the small intestine; it has rectum and anus at the other end. Cancer…
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Ovarian cancer is a condition that occurs when the cells in the ovaries grow and divide abnormally. The mortality rate with ovarian cancer is more than other types of female reproductive cancers. Stats suggest that the risk of mortality due…
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Radiosurgery is a radiation therapy that delivers high-power rays to treat cancers. Despite the name has surgery, there is no incision involved in this procedure. Unlike traditional radiation therapy, radiosurgery work by destroying the DNA of the tumour cells without…
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Bladder cancer is a common cancer in adults; more common in males than in females. It begins in the cells lining inside the bladder (the organ that stores urine). If diagnosed early, it can be cured completely. However, there are…
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Chemotherapy is the use of medicines or any chemicals to kill the rapidly dividing cancer cells. It is recommended to cure, control, or ease the symptoms caused by cancer. Chemotherapy is given either orally (tablets or capsules) or in the…
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Bowel cancer is a general term for describing cancer that develops in the large intestine. Based on the location where cancer begins in the bowel, it is sometimes referred to as colon or rectal cancer. About 1.8 million new cases…
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Esophageal cancer arises when the cells in the lining of the esophagus (a hollow, long tube that carries food from the mouth to stomach) divide and multiply uncontrollably. It can develop at any part along the esophagus. Men are more…
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Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer in men. In this cancer, the cancer cells begin to develop in the tissue of the penis. Penis is the male sex organ that expels urine and sperm. It is made up…
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Stereotactic radiotherapy is a specialized form of radiation therapy. It delivers a high dose of rays to the targeted region to destroy the cancer cells. It is used in the treatment of very small cancers of the brain, bones, lungs,…
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The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located at the base in the front part of the neck. It produces hormones which regulates metabolism, growth and development of the body. Thyroid cancer develops when the cells in the thyroid glands…
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Whipple procedure, also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, is a common surgical procedure to remove the pancreatic tumour, tissues and lymph nodes surrounding the tumour, and affected parts of the pancreas. This procedure also engages in the removal of the nearby structures…
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Oral cancer is a rising problem in the world. India contributes to around one-third of the total oral cancers in the world. Among all cancer cases in India, approximately 30% of the cases are of oral cancers. Oral cancers are…
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Prostate cancer is a common cancer type of cancer in men. In this cancer, the cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably. Prostate is a walnut-sized gland present below the bladder in men, which produces a fluid that…
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